Views of Jainism in Sikh Scriptures
By Sushil Jain
Summary
Sushil Jain’s article analyses how Sikh scriptures and commentaries portray Jainism. It begins by contrasting Jain and Sikh doctrines: Jains reject a creator-god and follow strict non‑violence and renunciation, while Sikhs believe in one formless God and encourage righteous living within society. The historical context of fifteenth‑century North India shows a landscape of Islamic incursions, the decline of Buddhism and Hindu ritualism. Quotations from Sikh texts illustrate how Guru Nanak and other Sikh writers criticised practices like hair‑plucking, extreme fasting and idol worship, viewing them as superficial. Sikh codes such as the Rahit Nāma discouraged association with certain sects, including some identified with Jains, and emphasised the martial ethos of the Khālsā. Yet Sikh scriptures also acknowledged Jains’ moral discipline and shared ethical concerns. The article stresses that these critiques were part of a broader reformist discourse and should not be interpreted as hostility toward present‑day Jainism. The author advocates using Jain sources for a balanced understanding and notes that both Jainism and Sikhism emerged as responses to the socio‑religious conditions of their times, seeking to reform society and promote ethical conduct.
Conclusion
The study concludes that Sikh references to Jainism should be read within their historical context as reformist critiques rather than as enduring hostility. While Sikh scriptures reproached practices they viewed as empty ritualism, they also shared ethical ideals with Jainism. Modern readers are encouraged to consult Jain sources for an accurate picture of Jain doctrine and to appreciate that both Jainism and Sikhism arose to challenge prevailing religious practices and inspire ethical living.