“Rhinoceros-Slayer” Type of Coins of Kumaragupta I

Summary

The article examines a distinctive series of gold coins issued by the Gupta emperor Kumāragupta I, commonly referred to as the “rhinoceros‑slayer” type. On the obverse, these coins depict the king confronting or spearing a rhinoceros, while the reverse shows the goddess Lakṣmī seated on a lotus. The author provides detailed descriptions of multiple specimens, noting variations in legend, weight and style. He explains that the obverse legend usually reads nṛpaśri‑kumāragupta or mahārājādhirāja and occasionally includes epithets praising the king as a great hero. The article situates these coins within the broader context of Gupta numismatics, comparing them to other types depicting lion‑slaying or horse‑taming scenes. Through stylistic analysis, the author suggests that the rhinoceros motif may commemorate a royal hunt in eastern India, where rhinoceroses were common, or symbolise the king’s mastery over powerful animals. The article also considers the possibility that the design reflects a mythical narrative or alludes to the king’s nickname. In discussing the distribution of these coins, the author reports finds from Bihar, Bengal and Uttar Pradesh, indicating that they were widely circulated. He examines their metrology and proposes a chronological placement late in Kumāragupta’s reign, possibly after his victorious campaigns in the east. The paper also explores the significance of the goddess Lakṣmī on the reverse, interpreting her presence as an affirmation of royal prosperity and divine favour. By comparing inscriptions on the coins with epigraphic records, the author suggests that the rhinoceros‑slayer type marked a distinct issue meant to celebrate royal prowess. He concludes that this coin series enhances our understanding of Gupta iconography and contributes to debates about the ceremonial functions of coins beyond their economic value.