Gauda-Kamarupa Struggle in the Sixth and Seventh Centuries

Summary

D.C. Sircar analyses the rivalry between the Gauda and Kamarupa kingdoms during the late sixth and early seventh centuries. Applying the ancient mandala theory that neighbouring states are natural enemies, he explains how the decline of Gupta power allowed these regional kingdoms to vie for supremacy. Inscriptions such as the Bargaon and Tezpur plates show early Gupta influence in Kamarupa, but weakened Guptas prompted Kamarupa rulers to assert independence through horse sacrifices. The Gaudas, successors to the Guptas in Bengal, inherited enmity toward Kamarupa and allied with the Later Guptas of Malwa against the Maukharis of Kanauj, while the Pusyabhutis of Thanesar aligned with the Maukharis. Sircar recounts Mahasenagupta’s campaign against Kamarupa king Susthitavarman, Shashanka and Devagupta’s joint attack on Maukhari ruler Grahavarman, and the subsequent alliance between Bhaskaravarman of Kamarupa and Harsha of Thanesar, which led to the decline of Gauda power. He draws attention to the recently discovered Doobi copper‑plate inscription of Bhaskaravarman, which adds new verses about the struggle and clarifies chronology. Through these episodes, the article illuminates the shifting alliances and strategic diplomacy that defined early medieval eastern India.