Studies in Indian Architecture – Ayadiṣaḍvarga

Summary

Studies in Indian Architecture: Ayadiṣaḍvarga by K.R. Pisharoti examines an important concept in traditional Indian architecture. The term Ayadiṣaḍvarga refers to six arithmetical parameters—Āya (gain), Vyaya (loss), Yoni (source), Nakṣatra (constellation), Tithi (lunar day) and Vāra (weekday)—used by architects to determine auspicious proportions and orientations of buildings. Pisharoti explains how the perimeter of the building’s plinth is measured in hastas and then subjected to a set of modular calculations. The remainder when this perimeter is divided by eight yields the Ayādi values, which in turn indicate the sex, caste and other characteristics associated with the plan. Tables list favourable and unfavourable remainders, suggesting, for instance, that an Āya remainder of 1 denotes longevity while a remainder of 6 is inauspicious. Similarly, the Yoni calculation determines the direction of the building’s main door, and the Nakṣatra and Vāra values relate the structure to astrological factors. The article provides examples demonstrating how these calculations guided the design of temples and houses, ensuring that the structure harmonised with cosmic principles. Pisharoti emphasises that the system reflects the Indian view that architecture is both a science and a ritual art, integrating mathematics, astronomy and metaphysics. The study draws on Sanskrit treatises such as the Mānasāra and Mayamata and compares regional practices. By elucidating these technical aspects, Pisharoti highlights the sophistication of traditional Indian builders and challenges the notion that ancient architecture lacked systematic theory.