The Kingdom of Khotan under the Mauryas
By H. C. Seth
Summary
This historical study investigates the status of the Central Asian kingdom of Khotan during the reign of the Mauryan empire. Drawing on archaeological evidence, Chinese chronicles and the inscriptions of Ashoka, the author contends that Khotan lay within the Mauryan sphere of influence. The essay reviews references in the Edicts of Ashoka to frontier peoples and examines Chinese accounts that describe an Indian‑style administration in Khotan. numismatic finds from the region show coinage bearing Mauryan symbols, supporting the notion of a political and cultural connection. The article traces the spread of Buddhism from India into Khotan, noting the establishment of monasteries and the adoption of Indian scripts for local languages. Trade relations are emphasised: Khotan was situated on an important branch of the Silk Road, and under Mauryan patronage it acted as a conduit for silk, jade and other goods flowing between India and China. The author also addresses the later decline of Mauryan control and the emergence of independent Khotanese dynasties. By integrating textual and material evidence, the study paints a picture of Khotan as a semi‑autonomous frontier state whose rulers maintained allegiance to the Mauryan sovereign while enjoying considerable local autonomy. This relationship facilitated cultural exchange and the transmission of Buddhism across the Himalayas.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the article posits that Khotan’s relationship with the Mauryan empire was one of vassalage rather than direct annexation. The evidence suggests that Khotan accepted Mauryan suzerainty for economic and religious advantages while retaining its own kings. This arrangement promoted the flow of goods and ideas along the Silk Road and allowed Buddhism to flourish in the Tarim Basin. The study highlights Khotan’s role as a cultural bridge between India and China and argues that understanding its Mauryan connections sheds light on early trans‑Himalayan diplomacy and trade.