The Hindi Jain Encyclopaedia Vol. 1.
By B. L. Jain
Summary
The Hindi Jain Encyclopaedia Vol. 1, authored by B. L. Jain and C. T. Chaitanya, provides a comprehensive exploration of Jainism, focusing on its philosophical, metaphysical, and ethical dimensions. Central to the text is the concept of *vrata* (vow), which involves three key elements: (1) actual selection of actions, (2) the exercise of judgment to distinguish right from wrong, and (3) the will's effort to adhere to these choices. Unlike traditional vows, Jain *vrata* does not involve promises to deities or authorities but is a self-directed ethical commitment. The text outlines twelve special rules, divided into lesser vows for laypersons and stricter vows for monks. The first five rules address avoiding gross forms of harm, such as killing, lying, stealing, immorality, and greed, while the remaining seven support these vows and prepare individuals for monastic life. The encyclopedia is structured into three main divisions: one describing the universe, another outlining human potential to achieve omniscient, blissful, and immortal states, and a third explaining how theory and practice form a cohesive system for spiritual progress. The text emphasizes that the teachings are based on the experiences of those who have achieved enlightenment. Additionally, the encyclopedia includes detailed information on eminent Jains, including great *acharyas*, kings, ministers, warriors, and sacred Jaina sites. It is described as an essential resource for Jains and scholars of Jainism, with only a few copies available for purchase (Rs. 3-4-0) through The Jaina Gazette in G. T. Madras.
Conclusion
This volume of *The Hindi Jain Encyclopaedia* distinctively elucidates Jainism's ethical and metaphysical framework, emphasizing the unique concept of *vrata* (vow) as a self-directed moral commitment rooted in willpower, judgment, and intentionality, rather than divine mandate. It categorizes vows into lesser and strict observances, highlighting the differential obligations of laypersons and monks, while underscoring the systematic interplay between theoretical principles and practical conduct. The encyclopedia also delineates Jainism's tripartite structure: cosmological insights, the potential for human transcendence, and a pragmatic path to achieving omniscient, blissful, and immortal states. By synthesizing philosophical, ethical, and biographical knowledge, this work serves as both a comprehensive reference and a practical guide, bridging ancient wisdom with contemporary understanding, making it indispensable for Jains and scholars alike.