The Address Of Professor Phanibhushan Adhikari,
By Phanibhushan Adhikari
Summary
Professor Phanibhushan Adhikari, a Bengali Hindu scholar of philosophy at Benares Hindu University, delivered this address as President of the 19th Annual Meeting of Shri Syadvada Maha Vidyalaya in Kashi (Varanasi) on 26 April 1925. He acknowledged the honor but expressed mixed feelings due to his Bengali and Hindu identity, contrasting with the institution’s focus on Jainism—a faith with limited presence or understanding in Bengal. He noted that while Jain temples exist in Calcutta, they are often visited merely as tourist attractions without genuine inquiry into their religious significance. His early exposure to Jainism was superficial, akin to viewing it as part of the Hindu pantheon. A transformative shift occurred during his time in Benares, where interactions with Jaina students and a visit to Sonepat (a historic Digambara center) exposed him to Jain manuscripts and literature, sparking intellectual curiosity. He later studied under the revered Acharya Vijaya Dharma Suri and Mahamahopadhyaya Satish Chandra Vidyabhushan, whose teachings deepened his appreciation for Jain philosophy. Adhikari emphasized Jainism’s ancient roots, predating Buddhism, citing archaeological evidence and historical research placing figures like Parswanath (23rd Tirthankara) and Mahavira (24th Tirthankara) in earlier centuries. He highlighted Jainism’s unique philosophical contributions and its sociological impact on Indian culture, particularly through concepts like *ahimsa* (non-violence). Adhikari concluded by underscoring Jainism’s value for understanding India’s social and cultural history, advocating for its scholarly study beyond mere ancientness.
Conclusion
Professor Adhikari’s address underscores the profound transformation in his understanding of Jainism, shifting from initial indifference and ignorance to deep intellectual appreciation through direct engagement with Jaina scholars, manuscripts, and philosophical discourse. His journey highlights the critical role of personal interaction and scholarly inquiry in bridging cultural and religious divides, particularly in Bengal, where Jainism remains largely misunderstood. The speech emphasizes Jainism’s historical significance, distinct philosophical identity, and ancient roots, challenging prior assumptions about its relationship with Buddhism. By sharing his evolving perspective, Adhikari not only reflects on his intellectual growth but also advocates for greater academic and cultural engagement with Jainism, positioning it as a vital component of India’s religious heritage. His conclusion serves as a call to recognize and value the unique contributions of Jain thought, fostering deeper interdisciplinary dialogue and historical awareness.