Rise of the Intelligentsia in Cooch Behar (1859-1922): Socio-Cultural and Political Activities

Summary

This study examines the rise and activities of the intelligentsia in the Princely State of Cooch Behar from 1859 to 1922, focusing on their socio-cultural and political contributions. Following British indirect rule under the 1773 Anglo-Koch Treaty, modern western education introduced by intellectuals in the second half of the 19th century spurred socio-cultural changes. The establishment of the Cooch Behar Hitaisini Sabha in 1859 marked the beginning of organized intellectual activities, including literary works, educational initiatives, and the promotion of Swadeshi ideals. Key figures like Anand Chandra Ghosh, Ram Chandra Ghosh, and Hari Mohan Roy contributed to historical and social writings, while institutions such as Victoria College and literary clubs fostered intellectual growth. The intelligentsia also promoted nationalism, with activities culminating in support for the Non-Cooperation Movement by 1922. Royal patronage, particularly from Kings Narendra Narayan and Nripendra Narayan, and influential figures like Queen Brindeswari Devi and Suniti Devi, further advanced literary and cultural developments. The period saw significant publications, including novels, historical accounts, and translations, reflecting a blend of traditional and modern influences.