Chandrakirti’s Chariot: -Self in Madhyamaka Buddhism and Advaita Vedanta
Summary
Chandrakirti’s *Chariot* (Māyāyāna-pratibhāṣyā) explores the concept of the self through the lens of Madhyamaka Buddhism and Advaita Vedanta, highlighting both similarities and differences between these two non-dualistic traditions. The text examines how both schools deconstruct the conventional notion of a permanent, independent self. In Madhyamaka, Chandrakirti argues that the self is empty of inherent existence, arising dependently on causes and conditions. This emptiness is not nothingness but a relational and dynamic process. Advaita Vedanta, conversely, posits that the self (ātman) is identical to Brahman, the ultimate, non-dual reality, transcending individuality and dualistic distinctions. Despite their divergent metaphysical frameworks, both traditions reject the reality of a separate, enduring self. The text also delves into the epistemological and ethical implications of these views, suggesting that understanding the self’s true nature—whether as emptiness or Brahman—leads to liberation. Chandrakirti’s analysis emphasizes the role of wisdom and meditative insight in realizing these truths, ultimately pointing to the dissolution of egoic clinging as the path to enlightenment. The work underscores the profound convergence between Buddhist and Advaitic thought on the nature of selflessness, while respecting their distinct philosophical and soteriological contexts.
Conclusion
Chandrakirti’s *Chariot* offers a profound exploration of the self, revealing striking parallels and divergences between Madhyamaka Buddhism and Advaita Vedanta. While both traditions ultimately negate a substantial, independent self, their approaches and philosophical underpinnings differ significantly. Madhyamaka’s prasanga method deconstructs inherent existence through relational analysis, emphasizing emptiness as the self’s true nature, whereas Advaita’s non-dualistic framework posits the self as pure awareness beyond dualistic constructs. This comparison underscores the dynamic interplay between Buddhist and Hindu thought, highlighting how both traditions challenge conventional notions of identity while offering distinct paths to realizing the self’s true nature. The dialogue enriches our understanding of non-duality and emptiness, inviting deeper reflection on the nature of existence and consciousness.