Self-Governance in Irrigation: Traditional Institutions in Periyaru Ayacut, Cumbum Valley
By K. Gulam
Summary
This study examines traditional irrigation institutions in the Periyaru Ayacut of Cumbum Valley, Tamil Nadu, focusing on their role in self-governance. Historically, farmer participation in irrigation management was facilitated through these institutions, which established rules for collective operation and maintenance of systems. The research, conducted through intensive fieldwork in 2003-2004, identifies 32 traditional irrigation institutions across 17 channels and 19 tanks, including Thanneer Maniams (water headmen), farmer organizations, registered farmer associations, village committees, and irrigation committees. These institutions, often multi-village and hydrology-based, have been central to sustaining irrigation infrastructure for generations. The study highlights their organizational structures, roles, and historical significance, noting their decline in some areas due to socio-economic changes. The Periyaru Ayacut system, established in 1895, irrigates 5,954 hectares, primarily for paddy cultivation. The research underscores the relevance of these institutions in understanding historical farmer participation and their potential for contemporary water management.
Conclusion
This study highlights the enduring relevance of traditional irrigation institutions in the Periyaru Ayacut of Cumbum Valley, demonstrating their role in sustaining self-governance through collective farmer participation. Despite socio-economic changes leading to the degeneration of such institutions in other regions, the Periyaru system exhibits a functional framework where traditional structures like *Thanneer Maniams*, farmer organizations, and village committees effectively manage water distribution and maintenance. The research underscores the adaptability of these institutions to local socio-cultural and hydrological contexts, emphasizing their historical significance and potential for modern water management policies. By documenting organizational structures and operational practices, the study provides a foundation for preserving traditional knowledge and fostering community-led irrigation governance in similar contexts.