Freedom Movement in South Orissa: Role of Nanda Kishore Pradhan and Kumarada Primary Congress Committee

Summary

The freedom movement in Badakhemundi Zamindari, South Orissa, was marked by organized resistance against British colonial rule and zamindari oppression. Key figures like T. Krishna Murthy and Nanda Kishore Pradhan played pivotal roles in mobilizing the masses through Congress-led initiatives. The Salt Satyagraha saw participation from leaders like Panchanana Padhi and Ramachandra Patnaik, who were arrested, while Krishna Murthy and others prepared salt illegally. Despite initial lulls in activity, the movement regained momentum in 1932 with protests, khadi promotion, and picketing of opium and alcohol shops. Nehru’s 1936 visit inspired renewed enthusiasm, leading to the formation of the Kumarada Congress Primary Committee in 1937 with 220 members, focusing on anti-zamindar and anti-British resolutions. The committee distributed weekly magazines to spread nationalist awareness. Facing zamindari repression, including false cases and property seizures, leaders like Nanda Kishore Pradhan legally challenged oppressive actions, securing court orders to return confiscated land. The 1942 Quit India Movement saw widespread defiance, with attacks on colonial institutions and infrastructure. Internal Congress divisions emerged, but grassroots activism persisted. The movement’s success stemmed from strategic organization, non-violent resistance, and leaders’ sacrifices, fostering political consciousness and inspiring participation in India’s broader struggle for independence.