Jainism in Manbhum

Summary

P. C. Roy Choudhury explores the historical presence of Jainism in Manbhum, the region encompassing present‑day Purulia district. Drawing on literary references, inscriptions and surviving monuments, he shows that Manbhum once served as an important Jaina centre within ancient Radha (Vajrabhumi). Tirthankaras such as Rsabhanatha and Santinatha are said to have visited the region, and later texts praise Mount Pareshnath in neighbouring Jharkhand as the site of their nirvāṇa. Archaeological sites including Telkupi, Deuli, Pakbirra and Paramabadrinatha yielded large statues and temple ruins dating from the 9th–11th centuries. Roy Choudhury recounts the discoveries of these images and notes how many have been relocated to museums or incorporated into Hindu shrines. He also describes the Sarak Jains, a community that has preserved Digambara beliefs in isolated villages of Manbhum. The Saraks practise vow‑based religion, venerate Tirthankaras, yet also participate in local Hindu festivals, illustrating syncretism born of marginalisation. The essay emphasises the need to document oral traditions, such as legends linking Jain monks with local wells and hills. Roy Choudhury argues that Manbhum’s Jaina heritage is endangered by ignorance and neglect; he calls for surveys of temples, systematic recording of inscriptions and collaboration with surviving Sarak communities.