Fourth Oriental Conference

Summary

The Fourth Oriental Conference began on November 1926 in Allahabad at the University Senate House, attracting delegates from across India and even Ceylon. Despite the absence of a key provincial head, the event was marked by a distinguished gathering, including scholars, volunteers in khaki uniforms, and a few women. Dr. Ganganath Jha, Vice-Chancellor of Allahabad University, opened the proceedings, followed by the election of Shams-ul-Ulema Dr. I.D. Modi as president. His address highlighted the progress of Oriental studies, praised the planned critical edition of the Mahabharata, and emphasized the need for a broad scholarly outlook. The conference featured eight sections for paper presentations, including Literary, Philosophy, History, and Archaeology, with notable attendance in the Literary and Archaeological sections. Discussions were lively, particularly around Prof. D.R. Bhandarkar’s paper on Islamic power in India, which faced strong criticism. Some papers offered unconventional theories, such as linking Puranic cosmography to modern geology or connecting mythological figures across cultures. A significant outcome was the discussion on the conference’s future constitution. Social events included musical performances, a Sastrirtha, a Mushaira, a garden party, and a Sanskrit play. Dr. Alfred Woolner proposed holding the next session in Lahore in 1925, which was accepted. In a related note, the author reflects on preparing a monograph, *Hindu Politics in Italy*, as an appendix to his work on Hindu sociology. He reviewed Dr. Ghoshal’s *Hindu Political Theories*, engaging in a scholarly exchange published in the *Indian Historical Quarterly*. The author reaffirmed his critique after re-reading G