Is Mahavira Relevant Today?

Summary

B.M. Singhi’s essay explores whether the teachings of Mahavira, the 24th Jain Tirthankara who lived in the sixth century BCE, are relevant in contemporary society. Singhi argues that the answer is both yes and no. On the surface, much has changed since Mahavira’s time: modern technology, political structures and lifestyles differ vastly from those of ancient India. Some religious practices rooted in ancient cosmology may seem outdated. Yet Mahavira’s core value‑system, centred on non‑violence (ahimsa), truthfulness, non‑possession, chastity and self‑discipline, remains enduringly relevant. The author laments that many Jains treat rituals and sectarian observances as ends in themselves while neglecting the spirit of compassion and tolerance. By doing so they misrepresent Mahavira’s message and fail to address pressing moral issues such as poverty, war, exploitation and environmental degradation. Singhi highlights Mahavira’s emphasis on rational inquiry and individual responsibility: he encouraged followers to question dogma and rely on their own experience rather than blindly accept authority. His doctrine of anekantavada (the multifaceted nature of truth) fosters humility and openness to different viewpoints, which is crucial in a pluralistic world marked by ideological conflicts. The essay notes that Mahavira’s motto “live and let live” promotes ecological balance and respect for all beings, anticipating modern concerns about human impact on nature. Singhi argues that implementing Mahavira’s teachings today would involve renouncing hatred, greed and prejudice and working toward social justice and peace. Far from being antiquated, these principles could guide economic policies, interpersonal relationships and international relations. The essay concludes that Mahavira’s relevance lies not in literal imitation of ancient ascetic practices but in adopting his ethical insights to modern conditions. Mahavira challenged individuals to look within, conquer their desires and extend compassion to every form of life; these challenges remain as urgent today as they were two and a half millennia ago.