Gommata Colossus in Sravana Belgola

Summary

S.K. Ramachandra Rao’s essay examines the towering monolithic statue of Bahubali at Sravana Beľgola in Karnataka, popularly known as Gommata or Gommatesvara. The author recounts the legend of Bahubali, the younger son of the first Tīrthaṅkara Ṛṣabha, who renounced his kingdom after a duel with his brother Bharata. Bahubali practised meditation and severe austerities, eventually attaining kevala jñāna (omniscience) and liberation. His steadfastness and humility inspired later devotees. The essay traces the history of the Sravana Belgola colossus. It explains that the 57‑foot‑high statue was commissioned by the Ganga minister Chāmuṇḍarāya in the tenth century and carved out of a single block of granite. The name ‘Gommata’ is analysed linguistically; Rao observes that it may mean ‘superior’ or ‘excellent’ in Canarese and that the term ‘Gommateśvara’ appears in inscriptions relating to Jain temples. The article also describes other Bahubali statues erected at Karkala, Dharmasthala and Venur, showing how the cult of Bahubali spread across Karnataka. Rao gives particular attention to the Mahāmaṣṭakābhiṣeka, the great head‑anointing ceremony held roughly every twelve years. Historical records indicate that the ceremony has been performed since at least the tenth century, with notable celebrations recorded in 1398, 1610 and 1953. During the ceremony, worshippers pour libations of milk, butter, honey, sugar and sandalwood paste over the statue, symbolising the washing away of karma . The author stresses that the ritual’s grandeur underscores the Jain emphasis on renunciation and spiritual purity. Beyond historical details, the essay reflects on the aesthetic qualities of the colossus, praising its sculptural balance and serene expression. Rao argues that Bahubali’s story and the monument’s enduring popularity testify to the Jain ideal of conquering the self.