Little England: Urban Mining Settlement in Princely Mysore
By M. GOVINDAPPA
Summary
The article examines the development of Kolar Gold Fields (KGF) in the princely state of Mysore, India, as an urban mining settlement driven by gold mining activities from the late 19th century. Initially a barren, treeless region, KGF emerged as a township to accommodate mine workers and management, with rapid population growth due to labor influx from neighboring areas. The study highlights the socio-economic transformation, including the establishment of infrastructure like roads, sanitation systems, and colonial-style residences for British managers. The KGF Sanitary Board (1899) addressed health challenges, notably during epidemics. Census data (1871-1911) reflects population surges in constituent villages, from 1,410 in 1871 to 4,082 by 1901. The article contrasts living conditions between European and Indian residents, noting British-style amenities like clubs, golf courses, and palatial bungalows. It underscores KGF's role in colonial economic exploitation and its significance as a case study of urbanization linked to industrial activity in India.
Conclusion
The study of Kolar Gold Fields (KGF) reveals urbanization driven by industrial mining, transforming a barren region into a bustling township through rapid population growth and infrastructure development. The analysis highlights how economic activities, particularly gold mining, catalyzed urban expansion, attracting labor and fostering settlements with distinct socio-economic stratification. The emergence of planned roads, sanitation systems, and colonial-era amenities reflects the interplay of industrial needs and urban governance. KGF's growth underscores the broader implications of colonial exploitation and industrialization in shaping urban landscapes, offering a case study for understanding India's urbanization history and its socio-economic consequences. The document emphasizes the need to balance rural and urban historical narratives, advocating for further research on urban centers' role in India's development.