Pleasure and Pain – Action
By M. P. Lakhani
Summary
M. P. Lakhani’s philosophical essay investigates the relationship between pleasure, pain and human action from a Hindu theological perspective. Drawing on the concept of Nirguṇa Brahman (the unqualified absolute) and its transformation into Saguṇa Brahman (the conditioned deity) through the three guṇas – rajas, sattva and tamas – the author explains how cosmic qualities give rise to creation, preservation and dissolution. The essay argues that the manifested universe operates through a play of opposites: pleasure and pain, harmony and discord, action and inertia. Lakhani discusses karma as the moral law that binds beings to the cycle of births, noting that actions motivated by desire result in both joy and suffering. By analysing scriptural passages and philosophical arguments, he contends that true liberation is achieved not by indulging in pleasure or fleeing pain but by realising the non‑dual Brahman that underlies both. The article also examines ethical implications, suggesting that understanding the transient nature of pleasure and pain encourages righteous action without attachment to outcomes. Lakhani concludes that knowledge (jñāna) and disciplined practice (yoga) enable individuals to transcend dualities and act from a place of equanimity.
Conclusion
The essay concludes that pleasure and pain are integral to the cosmic process governed by the guṇas and karma. By recognising their impermanence and aligning one’s actions with dharma, seekers can cultivate detachment and realise the underlying unity of existence. Liberation thus involves acting selflessly while knowing oneself to be beyond all pairs of opposites.