Kautilya on Royal Authority
By K. A. Nilakanta Sastri
Summary
In this short note, the author defends his interpretation of royal authority in Kautilya’s Arthashastra against recent criticism. He argues that Kautilya envisions a strong but accountable monarchy: the king is the supreme authority responsible for maintaining order and security, yet his power is checked by counsel, law and dharma. Examining passages on the duties of kings and the use of force, the note emphasises that espionage and coercion are justified only when they serve the public interest. The author rejects suggestions that Kautilya’s ideas derive from Greek models, asserting their roots in indigenous political thought. The note highlights the balance Kautilya strikes between royal prerogative and ethical constraints.
Conclusion
The note concludes that Kautilya’s conception of kingship is nuanced: it acknowledges the necessity of strong authority while stressing that rulers must adhere to moral and practical restraints. Recognising this balance counters simplistic portrayals of the Arthashastra as advocating unbridled despotism.