Jataka Representations in Siam
By Phanindra Nath Bose
Summary
The article discusses Jataka representations in Siam, noting their presence in Barhut and Siamese sculpture, with Thai inscriptions deciphered by M. Fournereau. These sculptures, dated to 1357 A.D. during King Sirya Vamca Rima Mahadharmardjidhirdja’s reign in Sukhodaya, depict 50 Jataka stories, including Serivanija, Sakupa, Tittira, and others, with corresponding Thai and Pali names. The text highlights the spread of Buddhism and Jataka popularity in Siam, Java, and Burma, reflected in sculptural art. It also addresses the debated accession date of King Laksmanasena of the Bengal Sena dynasty, with theories proposing 1119-20 A.D. or post-1108-09 A.D., though uncertainties persist due to conflicting historical accounts. The study underscores the cultural and religious significance of Jataka art in Southeast Asia.
Conclusion
This study of Jataka representations in Siam reveals the significant cultural and religious exchange between India and Southeast Asia during the 14th century, exemplified by the 1357 A.D. sculptures commissioned under King Sirya Vamsha Rima. The detailed Thai inscriptions, deciphered by M. Fournereau, confirm the deliberate adaptation of Jataka narratives into local art, mirroring the Barhut Jataka-scenes but with distinct regional characteristics. The identification of 50 specific Jataka stories across 50 sculptural scenes underscores the systematic integration of Buddhist moral narratives into Siamese religious and artistic traditions. This parallel development highlights the dynamic spread of Buddhism and its localized reinterpretation, offering valuable insights into the syncretic religious practices and artistic patronage of the Sukhodaya dynasty. The findings further emphasize the interconnectedness of Buddhist art across Asia, positioning Siamese Jataka representations as a critical link in the broader dissemination of Buddhist culture.