Identifying the Chief Architect in Arjuna’s Penance Panel
By Aravind Kumar
Summary
The article examines the social status and identity of artisans in medieval South India, focusing on a sculptor depicted in the Arjuna’s Penance panel at Mamallapuram. The analysis highlights the headdress and dagger depicted on the sculptor, suggesting these symbols denote royal privileges and authority, possibly indicating the sculptor’s role as chief architect. The name "Kevatapperuntaccan," found near Mahabalipuram, is linked to the sculptor, with "Peruntaccan" translating to "chief architect." This identification aligns with Chola sculptures of Adhikara Nandi, where similar symbols of authority are present. The study also explores the cultural and historical context of Morasanadu, a region in present-day Karnataka, through inscriptions and historical records. It notes the repetition of place names like Morasanadu in Kannada and Tamil inscriptions, highlighting the region’s significance. The article references historical texts, including the Nandi dana Sasana of Ganga King Madhava Varma, to trace the geographical and political boundaries of Morasanadu, which encompassed parts of Kolar and Bangalore districts. The study emphasizes the role of epigraphic evidence in understanding the socio-cultural dynamics of the region, particularly the identity and status of artisans and local communities like the Morasavakkuligas.
Conclusion
This analysis of the Arjuna’s Penance panel at Mamallapuram suggests the central figure, likely a sculptor, held significant authority, possibly as chief architect, indicated by the dagger symbolizing royal privilege. The name Kevatapperuntaccan, found nearby, aligns with this interpretation, reinforcing the individual’s elevated status. The study highlights the intersection of artistic skill and royal patronage in Pallava-era monuments, offering insights into the hierarchical structure of artisans during that period. By connecting material evidence with epigraphic data, the research contributes to understanding the socio-cultural dynamics of Mamallapuram’s artistic traditions.