Browse articles

Persecution of Missionaries and Social Injustices in 18th-Century India: Extortion, Caste, and Gender Oppression

Vol. 21December 2015pp. 86-100English

Summary

The text describes historical conditions in India under local governance, highlighting systemic exploitation and social structures. Rulers and governors engaged in extreme greed, torturing and extorting wealth from people, particularly targeting the rich. Persecution of missionaries was fueled by rulers' hatred of Christianity and avarice. Administrative practices were arbitrary, with governors controlling justice, taxation, and military affairs, often plundering peasants through unjust taxes and fines. The caste system marginalized Europeans, labeled as "Franquis" due to historical conflicts, and governed social hierarchies. Women were treated as slaves to their husbands, facing abuse and disrespect, while rigid gender roles dictated their daily lives. Household duties like water-fetching, rice-pounding, and oil extraction fell on women, with limited opportunities for education or skilled labor. Food habits centered on water, rice, and limited fruits, with alcohol consumption restricted to lower classes. The text underscores a society marked by oppression, economic exploitation, and entrenched social hierarchies.

Conclusion

The document highlights systemic exploitation and societal oppression in colonial India, detailing how rulers and officials engaged in extortion, torture, and unjust taxation, leading to widespread poverty and hidden wealth. The caste system enforced strict gender hierarchies, with women treated as slaves and subjected to abuse, while children inherited contempt for mothers. Military administration, though relatively peaceful, prioritized personal gain over justice, and governance was marked by bribery and corruption. The mission's observations reveal a society burdened by greed, injustice, and cultural rigidity, where the vulnerable faced relentless exploitation and survival depended on constant vigilance against theft and oppression.

Article order

In this issue

Vol. 21
7-8UGC Recognition and Gratitude for ContributionsShan Eugene Palakkal, Parwez Nazir, S. Yashodhamani, N. Krishna Reddy, M. Vijaya Kumar Reddy, A. Suresh9-38Ardhanarisvara Iconography in Kushana Art: Analysis and DebateV. Sandhiyalakshmi39-42Identifying the Chief Architect in Arjuna’s Penance PanelAravind Kumar43-49Morasanadu's Geographical Extent and Historical Significance50-68Cattle Raids and Heroic Resistance in Medieval KarnatakaPampa, Ranna, Brhama Shiva69-85Political Stability and Trade Prosperity in Medieval South India86-100Persecution of Missionaries and Social Injustices in 18th-Century India: Extortion, Caste, and Gender OppressionCurrent article101-111Traditional Housing in Kanchipuram: Farmers, Traders, Weavers, and Fishermen112-122Women's Influence in Bhopal's History: Mamola Bai and the Four Begums123-140Sultan Jahan Begum's Progressive Reign and Women's Emancipation in BhopalSultan Jahan Begum, Abroo Begum, Fatma Begum, Atiya Fyzee141-166Col. Munroe's Administrative Reforms in Travancore: Modernization and Humanitarianism167-182French Colonial Policy and Indian Opposition to Pondicherry-Madras Railway183-193Vernacular Press and Peasant Uprisings in Colonial IndiaParwez Nazir194-224**Agrarian Unrest and Peasant Movements in Colonial India: Causes, Conflicts, and Legacy**225-231Secularism, Reservations, and Minority Rights in India's Constitutional DebatesBajpai, Copland, Jha, Luhter, Smith, Beteille, Nandy232-248Debating Minority Recognition and Reservations in India's Constitutional Framework249-258Historical and Geological Perspectives on Rama SetuP. Anil kumar259-277**Vizhinjam: A Prosperous Ay Kingdom Port and Cultural Hub**278-297St. Louis College for the Deaf: Braille Education and Technological Advancements (2001-2014)298-312Evolution of Disability Education and Policy in India: 1939-2006313-326Token Economy Enhances Skill Learning in Moderate Mental Retardation327-329**Medieval Society Under Harsha: Religion, Feudalism, and Cultural Shifts**Goyal330-333Submission Guidelines for Journal of Indian History and Culture

Original PDF

Inline viewer

Checking source PDF

The viewer will load here if the archive file is reachable.

Continue reading

Related articles

Journal of Indian History and Culture

Women Labour in Colonial Malabar's Modern Industries: A Study

By Shapna K.P.

December 2021
Journal of Indian History and Culture

Women Labour in Colonial Malabar's Modern Industries: A Study

By Shapna K.P.

December 2021