Penology and Jaina Scriptures

Summary

In this article the author examines the field of penology—the science of punishment—and compares its principles with teachings from Jain scriptures. Modern societies seek a crime‑free environment but continue to witness wrongdoing despite extensive penal codes. Penology originally focused on defining punishment and later expanded to include treatment, correction, rehabilitation and the resocialisation of offenders. The article notes that standard textbooks often lack clear definitions and that penology now encompasses management of prisons and the wider correctional apparatus. Contrasting this with Jainism, the author emphasises that Jain teachings promote non‑violence, moral discipline and self‑restraint instead of punitive measures. Crime is viewed as arising from passions and ignorance; thus reform comes through education, vows, penance and spiritual practices rather than retribution. The article highlights concepts like ahimsa (non‑violence), anekantavada (non‑absolutism) and aparigraha (non‑attachment) as foundations for a humane justice system. It argues that adopting Jain principles could shift penal policies from punishment toward rehabilitation and social harmony. By aligning penology with the ethical insights of Jain scriptures, the article suggests a more compassionate and effective approach to addressing crime and promoting a just society.