On Application of the Law of Combination in Early Jaina Philosophy

Summary

This study applies the mathematical law of combination to early Jain philosophy. After explaining the combinatorial formula nCr and factorial notation, the author explores its relevance to the doctrine of Saptabhangi (sevenfold predication). In Jain logic a real possesses three characteristics: being, non‑being and inexpressibility. By applying the law of combinations, the author shows that taking these characteristics one at a time yields three predicates; taking them two at a time yields three more combinations; and taking all three together yields one combination. These seven combinations correspond to the seven ways a proposition can be predicated in Jain philosophy. The article argues that understanding these combinatorial possibilities clarifies how the doctrine of sevenfold predication evolved from simpler three‑fold predication, where only being and non‑being are considered. The author asserts that the gradual evolution of theories should be established through logical application of textual evidence and acknowledges scholars who contributed to the research. Overall, the piece demonstrates how mathematical reasoning can illuminate the development of philosophical doctrines in Jainism.