आत्मविजय का नीतिशास्त्र

Summary

The text discusses the concept of self-conquest (ātmavijaya) as a central theme in Hindu and Jain philosophy. It explains that controlling the self, or placing strict discipline upon oneself, is key to ending all problems. The attachment to the self (sva) must be overcome to enable broader thinking about society and others. True happiness is achieved by those who can consider the well-being of all, and such individuals are considered self-conquerors. In Hindu culture, conquering the self is a fundamental trait, with the soul (ātman) being immortal while the body is perishable. Jainism places great importance on self-conquest, exemplified by Mahavira, who conquered his own soul. This involves controlling the mind's tendencies and developing detachment. Austerity (tapa) is central to this path, with some renouncing the world to become ascetics. Non-attachment (aparigraha) is a foundational principle, leading to compassion for all beings, including animals and plants. The text highlights Shrimad Rajchandra, whom Gandhi considered his guru, as an example of achieving self-conquest while remaining a householder. Key virtues for self-conquest include non-attachment, non-violence (ahiṃsā), and forgiveness (kṣamā). Forgiveness is described as a foundational principle, requiring one to forgive others and seek forgiveness from the heart. The text cites several Jain sutras emphasizing that the soul is its own agent of happiness and suffering, and that one should fight against inner enemies like anger, pride, deceit, and greed rather than external foes. Conquering the self is deemed the highest victory, surpassing the conquest of thousands of enemies in battle. This philosophy is presented as a significant contribution to contemporary thought, promoting a broad, compassionate perspective.