जगत के रहस्य और हम
By आचार्यश्री महाप्रज्ञ
Summary
The text presents a Jain philosophical perspective on the nature of the universe and existence. It begins by noting that the world remains a mystery, with various philosophers offering different interpretations. Jain philosophy proposes that the universe is uncreated (akritrim), having no beginning or end, and was not made by any god. This view avoids complex questions about a creator's purpose or materials, as the universe is considered eternal and self-existent. The text distinguishes between two fundamental categories of reality: the conscious (chetana, or jiva) and the unconscious (achetana, or ajiva). Both are equally real and independent, a stance that makes Jain philosophy a dualistic and realist system, unlike Vedanta (which prioritizes consciousness) or Charvaka (which prioritizes matter). The universe is further described through six substances (dravyas): dharma (motion), adharma (rest), akasha (space), pudgala (matter), jiva (soul), and kala (time). Human personality is seen as a composite of jiva and pudgala, where a life-force (pranashakti) emerges from their union, enabling actions like thinking, breathing, and eating. This interconnectedness implies that no one exists in isolation; conscious and unconscious elements coexist as neighbors. Consequently, Jain ethics emphasize non-violence (ahimsa) and restraint not only toward living beings but also toward non-living matter, as all have their own existence. The text concludes that this philosophy fosters a principle of coexistence and freedom, where all substances share the same space without conflict, forming a vast family of diverse life forms and elements.
Conclusion
The document's implications are profound, asserting that the universe is uncreated and eternal, dissolving questions of a creator and purpose. This Jain philosophical framework establishes a dualistic reality of independent conscious and unconscious substances, fostering a worldview of radical interdependence. The key outcome is a robust ethical foundation for non-violence and coexistence, extending moral consideration not only to all living beings but also to matter itself. By rejecting absolute isolation, it promotes a disciplined conduct rooted in the recognition that all elements—from atoms to consciousness—share the same space as neighbors. This perspective challenges anthropocentric views, advocating for a harmonious balance between individual freedom and collective responsibility, ultimately redefining human existence as one of intrinsic connection within an infinite, self-sustaining cosmos.