उत्तर भारत में जैन यक्षी आभिक्का का प्रतिमा-निरूपण

Summary

This Hindi research paper examines the iconography of the Jain goddess (yakṣī) Abhikkṣakā in northern India. The author begins by surveying scriptural references to Abhikkṣakā across the Śvetāmbara and Digambara Jain traditions, noting that she is associated with protection, fertility and the granting of wishes. The essay then analyses sculptural depictions from temples and caves in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, focusing on attributes such as the lotus, pot of jewels, child and fly‑whisk. By comparing dozens of images, the author identifies a basic iconographic pattern: Abhikkṣakā is usually seated in lalitasana on a lotus throne, holds a lotus or noose in one hand and a child or pot in the other, and is flanked by attendants. Some regional variations are noted; in certain sites she carries a rosary or fruit, while in others she is shown standing. The paper also traces the historical development of Abhikkṣakā’s worship, suggesting that she evolved from an independent fertility goddess into an attendant of specific Tīrthaṅkaras. Through epigraphic evidence, the author links several statues to donations by merchants and aristocrats, indicating the socio‑economic factors that promoted yakṣī worship. The study emphasises the importance of yakṣī figures in Jain art: they served as approachable embodiments of divine energy and were popular among lay devotees. By documenting the diversity and consistency of Abhikkṣakā’s iconography, the article contributes to the understanding of regional artistic traditions and religious syncretism in north India. It calls for further fieldwork to discover more sculptures and inscriptions that could clarify her origin and spread. Overall, the paper demonstrates that the iconography of Abhikkṣakā reflects a complex interplay of theology, popular devotion and artistic creativity.