Review of 'Jaina Sects and Schools'

Summary

In this short review, J. C. Sikdar evaluates a recent monograph on the history and doctrines of Jaina sects and schools. The book under review surveys the emergence of major divisions within Jainism – most notably the Digambara and Śvetāmbara sects – and describes the doctrinal disagreements that led to their separation, such as attitudes towards nudity, the inclusion of women in the monastic order and the canonical status of certain scriptures. It further traces the proliferation of sub‑sects, including the Sthānakavāsīs, Terāpanthīs and various gacchas (monastic lineages). Sikdar commends the author for synthesising a vast and fragmented literature into a coherent narrative accessible to non‑specialists. The book draws on epigraphic evidence, sectarian chronicles and ethnographic observations to chart the evolution of rituals, monastic discipline and lay practices. Sikdar particularly appreciates the discussion of how social and political factors – such as royal patronage, regional identities and intra‑community disputes – influenced the formation of sects. However, the review also points out limitations. Sikdar notes that the book pays little attention to the role of women and nuns in sectarian movements, and that it relies heavily on Śvetāmbara sources at the expense of Digambara perspectives. He suggests that future studies should examine lesser‑known sects and explore the impact of modernity on sectarian identities. Overall, Sikdar concludes that the book is a valuable introduction and will serve as a reference for students and general readers.