The Bhagavadgita and Dr. Radhakrishnan
By G. K. Bhat
Summary
This article explores the place of the Bhagavadgita in the tradition of Indian philosophy and the way Dr. S. Radhakrishnan interpreted it for modern readers. The author begins by situating the Gita historically between the early Upanisads and the rise of later philosophical systems, noting that it blends the speculative vision of the ancient seers with the ethical and social concerns of classical India. Dr. Radhakrishnan’s commentary treats the text as a living scripture rather than a mere metaphysical treatise. He emphasises that the Gita is both brahmavidya (science of reality) and yogaśāstra (manual of spiritual practice): its teaching combines metaphysics, ethics and psychology. In his view the Gita conveys an all‑embracing ‘tradition’ which integrates diverse strands of Indian thought into a coherent vision of the individual’s relationship to society, the cosmos and the divine. The article examines Radhakrishnan’s interpretations of key themes such as svabhāva and svadharma (one’s own nature and duty), the relation of knowledge to action and devotion, and the meaning of selfless action. Radhakrishnan argues that the Gita does not preach renunciation of the world but a disciplined involvement in it; action performed without attachment leads to spiritual freedom and contributes to social harmony. He also stresses that the Gita’s doctrine of bhakti should not be seen as sectarian devotion but as a universal love for the highest reality. The author notes how Radhakrishnan draws on both Indian and Western philosophical categories, translating Sanskrit terms into accessible English and comparing them with concepts from Christian mysticism and modern ethics. The article highlights Radhakrishnan’s insistence on the contemporary relevance of the Gita. For him its message is not confined to an ancient Indian context; it speaks to modern individuals facing moral dilemmas in a rapidly changing world. By presenting the Gita as a synthesis of rational thought, intuitive insight and ethical engagement, Radhakrishnan offers a bridge between traditions and shows that spiritual wisdom can guide social and political life. The author concludes that this interpretative approach makes the Gita a timeless guide to personal growth and social responsibility.
Conclusion
Bhat’s study concludes that Radhakrishnan’s interpretation of the Gita offers a balanced synthesis of metaphysics, ethics and spirituality. By integrating action, devotion and knowledge, Radhakrishnan portrays the Gita as a guide for living in the world without attachment. His commentary underscores the importance of doing one’s duty while recognising the unity of all existence and thus remains relevant to contemporary moral challenges.