The Sandhabhase and Sandhavacana
By P. C. Bagchi
Summary
This article elucidates the terms ‘sandhābhāṣā’ and ‘sandhavacana’, which occur in tantric Buddhist literature. Drawing on Tibetan translations and Sanskrit commentaries, the author explains that sandhābhāṣā refers to ‘intentional language’—symbolic or coded speech used to conceal esoteric teachings—while sandhavacana denotes similar enigmatic instruction. He cites passages from the Hevajra‑tantra and the Prajñopāyaviniscaya‑siddhi, showing how tantric masters used enigmatic language to convey teachings only to initiated disciples. The article compares Chinese and Tibetan translations, highlighting interpretive differences and clarifying that these terms are not synonymous with ordinary allegory but refer specifically to the secret style of tantric scripture. The doctrine summarised includes references to the union of wisdom and method (prajñā and upāya) embodied in Vajrayāna practice. By collating manuscript variants and translations, the author aims to refine our understanding of esoteric Buddhist terminology.
Conclusion
The article concludes that sandhābhāṣā and sandhavacana designate deliberately obscure modes of expression in tantric texts. Recognising their technical meaning is crucial for interpreting Vajrayāna literature and avoiding mistranslation.