Impact of Religion in the Growth of Female Education among the Jain Community of Gujarat (1850‑1901)
By Sujata Menon
Summary
This historical study examines how religious factors influenced the development of female education within the Jain community of Gujarat during the late nineteenth century. The author notes that Jain merchants and philanthropists played a pivotal role in promoting literacy among girls at a time when broader Indian society often discouraged female education. Drawing on archival records, missionary reports and oral histories, the article traces the establishment of schools supported by Jain monks and lay patrons. It highlights the contributions of reformers who believed that educated women would strengthen the religion and family life. The article discusses the curriculum taught in these schools, which combined religious instruction with modern subjects such as mathematics and science. It also describes challenges faced by pioneers, including resistance from conservative families, scarcity of female teachers and financial constraints. Nevertheless, the author argues that the Jain community’s religious ethos—emphasising non‑violence, truthfulness and self‑discipline—encouraged support for education.
Conclusion
The article concludes that the Jain community’s commitment to religious principles such as compassion and knowledge fostered a progressive attitude toward female education. By viewing education as a means of moral and spiritual development, Jain leaders legitimised schooling for girls and mobilised resources to establish schools. This case study demonstrates how religious traditions can serve as catalysts for social change.