Four Minor Royal Dynasties

Summary

Hampa Nagarajaiah’s article examines four lesser-known royal dynasties in the Deccan who were closely associated with Jainism. Beginning with the Sendrakas, an early Jaina family who served as mandalikas under the Kadambas, he reconstructs their genealogy from sparse inscriptions. Though initially autonomous, the Sendrakas became subordinate to the Calukyas, and their lineage intertwined with that of the powerful Pulakesin II. The second dynasty, the Sindas, controlled parts of Karnataka and patronised Jain temples, as evidenced by copper plates recording donations and land grants. The third group discussed is the Kadambas of South Kanara, petty chiefs who maintained a distinct identity while navigating alliances with larger powers and supporting Jain monks. The fourth dynasty examined is the Santaras, a branch ruling the coastal belt; their charters blend royal and Jaina symbolism and record extensive endowments. Across these cases, the author emphasises that minor dynasties were vital to sustaining Jain communities during periods when dominant states favoured other faiths. Using epigraphic evidence, he traces patterns of political subordination, alliance, and migration, showing how these small states facilitated the spread of Jainism and merchant networks. He also discusses reasons for their decline, including military defeat and the rise of competing religious movements. By illuminating these lesser-known players, the article broadens the historiography of Jainism and reveals the complexities of regional politics in early medieval India.