निम्बार्क के द्वैताद्वैत सिद्धान्त में कर्म की अवधारणा
By Ramanath Pandey
Summary
Ramanath Pandey analyses the concept of karma in Nimbarka’s dualistic–non-dualistic Vedanta. Nimbarka posits three realities—God, souls and matter. Souls are distinct yet dependent on God; karma binds them when actions arise from ignorance and desire. The article describes two classes of souls—bound and liberated—and explains how God allows karma to operate as part of his play. Nimbarka integrates duty (karma), devotion (bhakti) and knowledge (jnana), arguing that good actions and devotion purify the mind and prepare the soul, but liberation ultimately depends on divine grace. Pandey contrasts this view with other Vedantic schools, noting Nimbarka’s balanced approach. The article concludes that in Nimbarka’s system karma is both binding and liberating: when aligned with devotion and knowledge, actions become a pathway to grace rather than bondage.
Conclusion
Pandey concludes that Nimbarka’s dvaitadvaita philosophy presents karma as both binding and liberating. Actions born of ignorance bind the soul, but when guided by devotion and knowledge, they purify and lead to divine grace. This synthesis preserves moral responsibility while recognising the need for God’s intervention. The balanced approach distinguishes Nimbarka and offers a practical path that harmonises duty, contemplation and devotion.