तत्त्वार्थवार्तिक में प्रतिपादित मानवीय मूल्य

Summary

Based on the provided text, the article "मानवीय मूल्य in तत्त्वार्थवार्तिक" by Dr. Surendra Kumar Jain 'Bharti' explores human values as propounded in Bhatta Akalankadeva's commentary on the Tattvarthasutra. The text begins by citing Vinoba Bhave's idea that applying new meanings to old words is the best method of intellectual revolution, positioning Akalankadeva's work as an example of this. It defines human values as objectives within a creation that connect it to social ideals or personal excellence, noting that literary sensibility is always linked to moral consciousness. The article contrasts Western and Indian perspectives, stating that while Oscar Wilde might see moral adherence as an unforgivable pretension, Indian spiritual writers cannot easily abandon it. Akalankadeva's view that all efforts are for happiness is presented, but the question of whose happiness is raised, leading to the answer of self-freedom. The text emphasizes that liberation (moksha) is the primary goal among the four purusharthas, achievable only through the human state, which is considered supreme in various philosophies. The article then lists specific human values from the Tattvarthavartika: prohibition of wine, meat, and honey to prevent harm to living beings and protect discernment; mutual assistance (parasparopagraha) as a form of reciprocal benefit; friendliness (maitri) as the desire to prevent others' suffering; delight (pramoda) in the virtues of the meritorious; compassion (anukampa) as empathy for all beings; kindness (karuna) towards the distressed; equanimity (madhyastha) towards the misguided; affection (vatsalya) for the religious; service (vaiyavritya) to the virtuous; non-violence (ahimsa) as the foremost vow; forgiveness (kshama) despite provocation; humility (mardava) as a natural softness free from pride;