Madanapāla’s Coronation and Identification of Candra

Summary

This article addresses two problems in the genealogy of the Pāla dynasty of Bengal: the circumstances of King Madanapāla’s coronation and the identification of the figure named Candra in the royal lists. Drawing on copperplate inscriptions and literary sources, the author reconstructs a chronology for the late Pāla period. He notes that many charters issued in the name of Madanapāla are dated by regnal years, allowing a relative chronology. The article compares the wording of these grants with earlier Pāla records and argues that Madanapāla assumed sovereignty after a brief interregnum, possibly as a co‑regent. The identification of Candra has long puzzled scholars; some thought she was a male king, while others suggested a queen or regent. The author re‑examines the epigraphic evidence, particularly verses that praise the “illustrious Candra,” and concludes that Candra likely refers to a princess or queen mother who played a significant role in securing Madanapāla’s succession. The article includes genealogical tables comparing different versions of the Pāla lineage and emphasises the reliability of certain inscriptions over later chronicles. By combining philological analysis with historical reasoning, the author provides a clearer picture of dynastic politics at the twilight of Pāla power.