हेमचन्द्र-अपभ्रन्श-व्याकरण सूत्र-विवेचन
Summary
This PDF presents a grammatical analysis of Apabhramsha, focusing on the declension of pronouns. It details specific rules from the *Hemachandra-Apabhramsha-Vyakaran* for forming case endings. The text explains that for masculine and neuter pronouns ending in -a, such as *savva* (all), the ablative singular suffix *-isi* is replaced by *-ha*, yielding forms like *savvaha*. Similarly, the locative singular suffix *-Di* is replaced by *-hi*, producing *savvahi*. For the pronouns *ja* (who), *ta* (that), and *ka* (what), the genitive singular suffix *-as* can optionally become *-asu*, resulting in *jasu*, *tasu*, and *kasu*. In the feminine gender, the genitive singular suffix *-isi* for *ja*, *ta*, and *ka* is optionally replaced by *-ahe*, creating *jahe*, *tahe*, and *kahe*. The text also covers the nominative and accusative singular forms for *ja* and *ta*, where the suffixes *-si* and *-am* are replaced by *-u* and *-am* respectively, giving *ju* and *tam*. For the pronoun *ima* (this) in the neuter gender, the nominative and accusative singular suffixes are replaced by *-imu*, yielding *imu*. The pronoun *eta* (this) has distinct forms: *eho* for masculine, *eha* for neuter, and *eha* for feminine in the nominative and accusative singular. In the plural, the nominative and accusative suffixes *-jas* and *-sas* are replaced by *-ei* for *eta* and *-oi* for *amu* (that). The text further explains that *ima* can be replaced by *aya* in all genders, and *savva
Conclusion
This analysis of Hemacandra’s Apabhraṃśa grammar systematically details the transformation of Sanskrit pronominal forms, particularly in the masculine, neuter, and feminine genders. The implications are significant for understanding the historical development of Indo-Aryan languages, as the rules precisely map the shift from synthetic Sanskrit case endings to the more analytic structures of later vernaculars. The outcomes include a clear delineation of how specific suffixes like -hi, -haṃ, and -hu replaced older forms in the instrumental, dative, and genitive cases. This work provides a critical framework for philologists and linguists studying Apabhraṃśa literature, enabling accurate textual interpretation and reconstruction. Ultimately, the document confirms that Apabhraṃśa was a highly codified language with its own systematic grammar, bridging Old Indo-Aryan and the modern languages, and underscores the importance of Hemacandra’s contribution to preserving this transitional linguistic stage.