कविमनीषी जोइन्दु का भ्राध्यात्मिक शिखरकाव्य परमात्मप्रकाश

Summary

The text discusses the spiritual summit poetry "Paramatmaprakash" by the Apabhramsha poet Joindu (also known as Yogindracharya or Yogindu), considered a pinnacle among Apabhramsha lyrical poems. A detailed direct introduction of the poet is unavailable. Based on available evidence, Dr. Harivansh Kochhar provides a brief sketch. Dr. A.N. Upadhyay edited "Paramatmaprakash" and published an article on Joindu in the Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Institute in 1931. Dr. Upadhyay believes the work predates Acharya Hemchandra's "Shabdanushasan" because it ignores some grammatical rules Hemchandra later prescribed. Hemchandra himself quoted verses from "Paramatmaprakash" in his grammar, confirming Joindu lived before the 12th century. Grammarian Chanda also cited a verse, leading Dr. Upadhyay to place Joindu in the 6th century CE. Rahul Sankrityayan suggested the 10th century, but Dr. Kochhar, based on linguistic similarities with poet Svayambhu's 8th-9th century work, fixes Joindu's period around the 8th-9th century CE. Joindu's two main works are "Paramatmaprakash" and "Yogasar." The text under discussion is the 1939 edition from Malgaon, Maharashtra, edited by Pandit Kalachandra Upadhyay with a Marathi translation. The poem is structured as a dialogue between the teacher Joindu and his disciple Bhatt Prabhakar. It has 345 couplets divided into two sections: the first (126 couplets) discusses the nature of the external self, inner self, and supreme self, along with concepts like soul, karma, and right belief; the second (219 couplets) describes liberation, its path, the triad of right faith, knowledge, and conduct, and equanimity. Joindu uses simple, folk-inclusive Apabhram