अद्वैत वेदान्त एवं शुद्धाद्वैत में तत्त्वमीमांसा : एक दृष्टि

Summary

This comparative study explores two prominent schools of Vedānta: Advaita, championed by Śaṅkarācārya, and Śuddhādvaita, articulated by Vallabhācārya. The author first outlines the Advaita view that the ultimate reality (Brahman) is formless, attributeless and non‑dual, with the world seen as māyā, an illusion produced by ignorance. Liberation, therefore, comes through knowledge of one’s identity with Brahman. In contrast, Śuddhādvaita posits that the universe is a real manifestation of God’s energy, and that the personal God Kṛṣṇa is both immanent and transcendent. The world is not illusory but divine, and liberation is attained through loving devotion (bhakti). The study compares their interpretations of key Upaniṣadic passages and explains how each addresses the problem of ignorance and the role of grace. Ethical implications are discussed: Advaita emphasises renunciation and meditation, whereas Śuddhādvaita encourages active worship and moral duty. By analysing the philosophical terminology and metaphors used by both masters, the article shows how two non‑dualistic schools can arrive at different ontologies and spiritual practices.