The Nati of Pataliputra
By A. Banerji - Sastri
Summary
This cultural history article examines the institution of the nāṭī (dancer) in ancient Pataliputra (modern Patna). Drawing on inscriptions, literary sources and archaeological finds, the author describes how dance and music were integral to courtly and religious life in the Maurya and Gupta periods. Nāṭīs performed at royal courts, temples and public festivals, and were patronised by kings and nobility. The author discusses the social status of dancers: while some enjoyed royal favour and accumulated wealth, others were stigmatised as courtesans. He analyses legal texts that regulate the profession, including provisions about property rights and inheritance for nāṭīs and their children. The article also notes the depiction of nāṭīs in art, particularly in reliefs at Sanchi and Bharhut, which capture dancers in dynamic poses accompanied by musicians. By synthesising diverse sources, the author sheds light on the complex role of performing artists in ancient Indian society.
Conclusion
The article concludes that nāṭīs were both celebrated entertainers and marginal figures whose status fluctuated depending on patronage and social attitudes. Their presence in texts and monuments underscores the cultural importance of dance and music in ancient India.