A Note on Brick Architecture

Summary

This architectural note examines the use of baked brick in ancient Indian construction. It begins by recounting archaeological evidence from the Indus Valley civilisation, where standardised bricks were used for houses, drains and granaries. The article then traces the resurgence of brick architecture in the early historical period, citing examples of Buddhist stupas and Guptan temples constructed with brick cores faced with stone. The author describes manufacturing techniques, including moulding, firing and bonding patterns. Particular attention is given to decorative brickwork, such as terracotta panels with geometric and floral motifs. The paper argues that brick construction allowed for experimentation with complex shapes and vaulting, influencing subsequent temple design. It concludes by noting that although stone later became the preferred material, brick remained important in regions lacking stone quarries and continued to be used for temple walls and ornamentation.