On Some Castes and Caste-origins in Sylhet
By K. M. Gupta
Summary
This ethnographic study investigates the origins and customs of several castes in the Sylhet region of northeastern Bengal. Drawing on oral histories, genealogical records and colonial reports, the author traces the migration paths and occupational shifts of groups such as the Kaibartas, Doms, Hadis and Kayasthas. He examines how these communities adapted to changing political regimes, from the Hindu rajas to Muslim sultans and British administrators, noting how economic functions such as fishing, leather work or scribal duties influenced social status. The article discusses intermarriage practices, clan deities and rituals, highlighting syncretic elements that blend Hindu and tribal beliefs. Attention is given to the processes of Sanskritisation through which certain castes sought upward mobility by adopting Brahmanical customs and patronising temples. The author also reflects on the impact of colonial classification on caste identities, arguing that census categories often obscured local distinctions. Through this micro‑level study, the article illuminates broader patterns of caste formation and mobility in eastern India and challenges static notions of hierarchy.
Conclusion
The investigation shows that caste identities in Sylhet are the product of fluid historical processes involving migration, occupation and religious change. Recognising this complexity nuances our understanding of social stratification in the region.