Early Capital of the Gurjara Pratiharas of Mahodaya

Summary

This article investigates the early capitals of the Gurjara‑Pratihara dynasty, focusing on the city of Mahodaya (later Kanauj). The author examines inscriptions and literary sources that mention the dynasty’s royal seats, including Ujjain, Bhinmal and Mahodaya. He analyses archaeological evidence such as temple remains and fortifications to locate these centres. The article argues that while the Pratihara kings initially ruled from Rajasthan, they shifted their capital eastward to Mahodaya to control the Ganges plain. This strategic relocation facilitated their rise as a pan‑Indian power in the ninth century. The author discusses the urban layout of Mahodaya, its temples dedicated to the goddess and the Sun, and its role as a trade hub. He concludes that understanding the dynasty’s shifting capitals sheds light on their political strategies and cultural patronage.