Harsa: A Buddhist
By Dasharatha Sharma
Summary
This biographical article examines the life and religious policy of King Harṣavardhana (Harsa, r. 606–647 CE), portraying him as a devout Buddhist monarch. Drawing on Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang’s account and Indian sources such as the Harṣacarita, the author recounts Harṣa’s early conversion from Śaivism to Buddhism and his subsequent patronage of monasteries and scholars. Harṣa convened the great assembly at Kannauj, welcomed delegates from across Asia and supported the University of Nālandā. The article emphasises his policy of religious tolerance: while he embraced Buddhism, he also donated to Brahmanical temples and Jain establishments. Harṣa’s charitable acts, including giving away his wealth every five years at Prayāga, are highlighted as examples of the Buddhist virtue of generosity. The author also notes his literary achievements; plays attributed to Harṣa, such as Nāgānanda, reveal the king’s devotion to the bodhisattva ideal. The article situates Harṣa’s reign within the broader context of the post‑Gupta period, arguing that his support helped sustain Buddhism during a time of political fragmentation.
Conclusion
Harṣa’s life illustrates how royal patronage and personal conviction could bolster Buddhism’s fortunes. His open‑minded patronage of multiple faiths fostered inter‑religious harmony, while his support for monasteries and scholars ensured the continued vitality of Buddhist learning. The article portrays Harṣa as an exemplar of compassionate kingship rooted in Buddhist principles.