Buddhism in Ancient Kambujadesa
By B. N. Puri
Summary
Puri traces the history of Buddhism in ancient Cambodia, historically known as Kambujadeśa. He begins with evidence from Funan and Chenla that suggests early Indian influence through trade and the arrival of missionaries. The article discusses inscriptions, sculptures and architecture that reveal a vibrant Buddhist presence during the pre‑Angkor and Angkor periods. Puri analyses the spectacular Bayon temple with its faces of Avalokiteśvara and the transition from Mahāyāna to Theravada in the 13th and 14th centuries. The essay also considers the syncretism of Buddhism and Brahmanism, noting how rulers adopted Buddhist titles while venerating Hindu deities. The decline of Buddhism after the fall of Angkor and its subsequent revival under Theravada monks are briefly outlined. Puri emphasises the need for archaeological research and conservation to protect Cambodia’s Buddhist heritage.
Conclusion
The article shows that Cambodia’s Buddhist history is rich and complex, marked by periods of royal patronage, syncretism and decline. Preserving monuments such as the Bayon and understanding their religious context are essential for appreciating Cambodia’s cultural legacy.